Paulo melim andersson biography of christopher columbus

Columbus wanted fame and fortune. Ferdinand and Isabella wanted the same, along with the opportunity to export Catholicism to lands across the globe. Columbus, a devout Catholic, was equally enthusiastic about this possibility. There they established a colony named Vineland meaning fertile region […]. Leif Eriksson Day commemorates the Norse explorer believed to have led the first European expedition to North America.

On October 12, the ships made landfall—not in the East Indies, as Columbus assumed, but on one of the Bahamian islands, likely San Salvador. In Januaryleaving several dozen men behind in a makeshift settlement on Hispaniola present-day Haiti and the Dominican Republiche left for Spain. He kept a detailed diary during his first voyage. More troublingly, it also recorded his initial impressions of the local people and his argument for why they should be enslaved.

They have no iron… They would make fine servants… With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want. Check out 10 things you may not know about the Genoese explorer who sailed the ocean blue in About six months later, in SeptemberColumbus returned to the Americas. Then he headed west to continue his mostly fruitless search for gold and other goods.

His group now included a large number of indigenous people the Europeans had enslaved. In lieu of the material riches he had promised the Spanish monarchs, he sent some enslaved people to Queen Isabella. In MayColumbus sailed west across the Atlantic for the third time. Conditions were so bad that Spanish authorities had to send a new governor to take over.

Meanwhile, the native Taino population, forced to search for gold and to work on plantations, was decimated within 60 years after Columbus landed, only a few hundred of what may have beenTaino were left on their island. This more than any other factor allowed for European domination of the Americas. The overwhelming benefits of the Columbian Exchange went to the Europeans initially and eventually to the rest of the world.

The Americas were forever altered, and the once vibrant cultures of the Indigenous civilizations were changed and lost, denying the world any complete understanding of their existence. As more Italians began to immigrate to the United States and settle in major cities during the 19 th century, they were subject to religious and ethnic discrimination.

This included a mass lynching of 11 Sicilian immigrants in in New Orleans. Just one year after this horrific event, President Benjamin Harrison called for the first national observance of Columbus Day on October 12,to mark the th anniversary of his arrival in the Americas. Italian-Americans saw this honorary act for Columbus as a way of gaining acceptance.

Colorado became the first state to officially observe Columbus Day in and, within five years, 14 other states followed. Thanks to a joint resolution of Congress, the day officially became a federal holiday in during the administration of Franklin D. InCongress declared the holiday would fall on the second Monday in October each year. As ofapproximately 29 states no longer celebrate Columbus Dayand around cities have renamed it or replaced with the alternative Indigenous Peoples Day.

One of the most notable cities to move away from celebrating Columbus Day in recent years is the state capital of Columbus, Ohio, which is named after the explorer. In Julythe city also removed a plus-foot metal statue of Columbus from the front of City Hall. The Biography. We have worked as daily newspaper reporters, major national magazine editors, and as editors-in-chief of regional media publications.

Among our ranks are book authors and award-winning journalists. Our staff also works with freelance writers, researchers, and other contributors to produce the smart, compelling profiles and articles you see on our site. Tyler Piccotti joined the Biography. He previously worked as a reporter and copy editor for a daily newspaper recognized by the Associated Press Sports Editors.

In his current role, he shares the true stories behind your favorite movies and TV shows and profiles rising musicians, actors, and athletes. When he's not working, you can find him at the nearest amusement park or movie theater and cheering on his favorite teams. Was Christopher Columbus a Hero or Villain? Amelia Earhart. Contents move to sidebar hide.

Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Italian navigator and explorer — For other uses, see Christopher Columbus disambiguation and Cristoforo Colombo disambiguation. Posthumous portrait of a man, said to be Christopher Columbus, by Sebastiano del Piombo[ a ]. Filipa Moniz Perestrelo.

Diego Ferdinand Diego adopted Lucayan. Domenico Colombo paulo melim andersson biography of christopher columbus Susanna Fontanarossa mother. Further information: Origin theories of Christopher Columbus. Geographical considerations. Quest for financial support for a voyage. Agreement with the Spanish crown. Main article: Voyages of Christopher Columbus.

First voyage — Second voyage — Third voyage — Fourth voyage — Main article: Fourth voyage of Columbus. Later life, illness, and death. Tomb in Seville Cathedral. The remains in the casket are borne by kings of Castile, Leon, Aragon, and Navarre. Further information: List of places named for Christopher Columbus and List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus.

Originality of discovery of America. America as a distinct land. Further information: Myth of the flat Earth. See also: Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas. Vespucci seems to have modeled his naming of the "new world" after Columbus's description of this discovery. It contained an account of Columbus's seven-year reign as the first governor of the Indies.

Consuelo Varela, a Spanish historian, states: "Even those who loved him [Columbus] had to admit the atrocities that had taken place. Two tiny portions of dust from the same source were placed in separate vials. Most modern historians reject his figures. January Visual Anthropology. ISSN Columbus and the Quest for Jerusalem. ISBN Retrieved 2 January Columbus on Himself.

She was of peasant parentage, but, when Columbus met her, was the ward of a well-to-do relative in Cordoba. A meat business gave her income of her own, mentioned in the only other record of Columbus's solicitude for her: a letter to Diego, written injust before departure on the fourth Atlantic crossing, in which the explorer enjoins his son to 'take Beatriz Enriquez in your care for love of me, as you your own mother'.

In Bedini, Silvio A. The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia.

Paulo melim andersson biography of christopher columbus: The label had a range of

Columbus never married Beatriz. When he returned from the first voyage, he was given the greatest of honors and elevated to the highest position in Spain. Because of his discovery, he became one of the most illustrious persons at the Spanish court and had to submit, like all the great persons of the time, to customary legal restrictions on matters of marriage and extramarital relations.

The Alphonsine laws forbade extramarital relations of concubinage for "illustrious people" king, princes, dukes, counts, marquis with plebeian women, if they themselves were or their forefathers had been of inferior social condition. Palgrave Macmillan. Genoa: Sagep Editrice. Genova: Grafiche Frassicomo. Archived PDF from the original on 9 October Ferdinand and Isabella.

New International Encyclopedia 1st ed. New York: Dodd, Mead. All retrieved 3 February Atlantic Monthly Press. Univ of Nebraska Press. Bedini, Silvio A. Retrieved 21 November In McGovern, James R. The World of Columbus. Mercer University Press. It is most probable that Columbus visited Bristol, where he was introduced to English commerce with Iceland.

Sture In Ureland, P. Sture; Clarkson, Iain eds.

Paulo melim andersson biography of christopher columbus: The World Bank does not

Walter de Gruyter. Ireland Revisited. Johns Hopkins University Press. Some writers have suggested that it was during this visit to Iceland that Columbus heard of land in the west. Keeping the source of his information secret, they say, he concocted a plan to sail westward. Certainly the knowledge was generally available without attending any saga-telling parties.

That this knowledge reached Columbus seems unlikely, however, for later, when trying to get backing for his project, he went to great lengths to unearth even the slightest scraps of information that would add to the plausibility of his scheme. Knowledge of the Norse explorations could have helped. Columbus, America, and the World. Council on National Literatures.

Many Columbists Duke University Press. The William and Mary Quarterly. JSTOR Oxford University Press. October Smithsonian Magazine. The Christian Century in Japan, — University of California Press. Cambridge University Press. Yale University Press. Iberian Asia: the strategies of Spanish and Portuguese empire building, — Thesis. OCLC ProQuest Comparative Studies in Society and History.

Cambridge University Press : — S2CID Archived from the original PDF on 26 February Journal of the American Oriental Society. Institute of Navigation. Archived from the original on 29 October Retrieved 5 July International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. Bibcode : IJNAr. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Universe. New York: Watson-Guptill.

New York: Random House. Retrieved 20 February New York: Abrams Books. Imago Mundi. Jahangirnagar University: Retrieved 9 January IEEE Spectrum. Constructed on a framework of latitude and longitude, the Ptolemy-revival map projections revealed the extent of the known world in relation to the whole. The Atlantic. JHU Press. Renaissance Europe 2nd ed.

Lexington, Massachusetts: D. Heath and Company. MIT Press. It is also known that wind patterns and water currents in the Atlantic were crucial factors for launching an outward passage from the Canaries: Columbus understood that his chance of crossing the ocean was significantly greater just beyond the Canary calms, where he expected to catch the northeastern trade winds—although, as some authors have pointed out, "westing" from the Canaries, instead of dipping farther south, was hardly an optimal sailing choice, since Columbus's fleet was bound to lose, as soon it did, the northeasterlies in the mid-Atlantic.

Frederick Mathematics Magazine. ISSN X. Again it was rejected. In historical hindsight this looks like a fatally missed opportunity for the Portuguese crown, but the king had good reason not to accept Columbus's project. His panel of experts cast grave doubts on the assumptions behind it, noting that Columbus had underestimated the distance to China.

Chapter XIII, p. Archived from the original on 16 October Retrieved 24 May The Capitulaciones de Santa Fe appointed Columbus as the official viceroy of the Crown, which entitled him, by virtue of royal concession, to all the honors and jurisdictions accorded the conquerors of the Canaries. Usage of the terms "to discover" descubrir and "to acquire" ganar were legal cues indicating the goals of Spanish possession through occupancy and conquest.

Madrid: Ferdinand Columbus: Renaissance Collector — British Museum Press. The Columbian Exchange. CRC Press. In Horodowich, Elizabeth; Markey, Lia eds. Retrieved 10 April August Retrieved 16 March Archived from the original on 26 May Retrieved 12 October University of Chicago Press. Phillips Jr. University of Oklahoma Press. Encyclopedia of North American Indians.

Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Paulo melim andersson biography of christopher columbus: This series addresses all topics

Or "these people are very simple as regards the use of arms A Brief History of the Caribbean. University of Alabama Press. Proceedings of the British Academy. Retrieved 24 January University of Toronto Press. Confronting Columbus: An Anthology. Retrieved 28 February The Journal of Christopher Columbus. London: Hakluyt Society. Portuguese Studies.

Spain, — A Society of Conflict. King's College London. Archived from the original on 24 April Retrieved 15 January Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, — Winius, George D. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. And it's not just the artifacts involved". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 23 February Retrieved 22 February Christopher Columbus, originally known as Cristoforo Colombo, married Filipa Perestrelo in the late s while he was residing in Lisbon, Portugal.

Filipa was the daughter of a prominent nobleman, and their union provided Columbus with valuable connections that might have aided his later expeditions. Together, they had one son, Diego, who was born around Tragically, Filipa passed away when Diego was still a child, which left Columbus to navigate his early fatherhood without her support. Columbus eventually had a second son, Fernando, born inwith Beatriz Enriquez de Arana, a woman with whom he had a long-term relationship.

Unlike Diego, who was recognized as Columbus's legitimate heir, Fernando's status was more complicated due to his illegitimate birth. Columbus's children played varying roles in his legacy; while Diego officially inherited many of Columbus's titles and fortunes, Fernando distanced himself from some of his father's controversial actions.

Paulo melim andersson biography of christopher columbus: ABSTRACT – Documenting the Ephemeral:

Together, these children contributed to Columbus's personal life story, reflecting both his ambitions as an explorer and the complexities of his family relationships. Christopher Columbus, while primarily known for his voyages, did not amass significant wealth from his explorations during his lifetime. After his initial journey inColumbus was rewarded by the Spanish Crown with titles and a share of any riches discovered in the lands he explored.

His rewards included the governorship of the newly found territories and the right to collect a percentage of any gold, spices, or profits generated. However, the financial returns from these endeavors were often less than expected, primarily due to poor mismanagement and declining relations with indigenous populations. Throughout his four voyages, Columbus struggled to balance the expectations of the Spanish monarchy against the actual resources acquired.

His estimates of the wealth he would find were vastly overstated, leading to dissatisfaction among his investors and the Crown. By the end of his life, Columbus faced financial ruin as much of his promised gold and treasures never materialized. He lived off his modest earnings as he fought to restore his reputation, ultimately dying in relative obscurity and not as a wealthy man despite his monumental impact on world history.