Jozef stefan biography of christopher

His father was a milling assistant and mother served as a maidservant. Stefan's father died in while his mother died almost ten years earlier in Stefan attended elementary school in Klagenfurt, where he showed his talent.

Jozef stefan biography of christopher: Stefan Wyszyński (3 August

They recommended that he continue his schooling, so in he went to Klagenfurt gymnasium. He experienced the revolutionary year ofas a thirteen-year-old boy, which inspired him to be sympathetic toward Slovene literary production. When he had finished gymnasium as the best student in his class he thought for a while of joining the Benedictine order but he soon abandoned his idea, because his great interest for physics prevailed.

He left for Vienna in to study mathematics and physics.

Jozef stefan biography of christopher: Henri Poincaré: a biography

His professor of physics in gymnasium was Karel Robida who wrote the first Slovene physics textbook. Newton had stated a priori a law of cooling for the temperature loss of incandescent iron in a constant stream of air, and Richmann had restated it in the following form: The speed of cooling is proportional to the difference in temperature between the heated body and the surrounding atmosphere.

In equal periods of time, Newton stated, equal quantities of air are heated by quantities of heat proportional of air are heated by quantities of heat proportional to those that they remove from the iron Opuscula [], II, Yet as early as George Martine the younger and others realized its inaccuracy and attempted to replace it with another law according to which the heat losses increased more rapidly.

Dalton sought to save it by introducing a new temperature scale. Delaroche was aware that the heat losses due to radiation increase much more rapidly than in proportion to the temperature difference, but he did not isolate the radiation from the other heat losses—as Dulong and Petit attempted to do. By means of a thorough discussion of the experiments of Dulong and Petit and of other researchers, Stefan showed that this formula agreed with the results of measurements in all temperature ranges.

The theoretical deduction of this relationship was first achieved in by Boltzmann, who also recognized that it is exact only for completely black bodies Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation. Other important work by Stefan concerns heat conduction in gases, a subject on which reliable measurements were lacking because of extreme experimental difficulties.

His measurements agreed fairly well with those calculated on the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, especially in the cases of air and hydrogen. Stefan explained the variations as resulting from the movements of the atoms against each other within the molecules. He resumed his investigations on heat conduction in and In analogous work on the diffusion of gases, he calculated the theoretical coefficients of diffusion and of friction and their dependence on the absolute temperature, showing that the calculated values were in agreement with experimental results obtained by Maxwell, Graham, and J.

He also demonstrated that the apparent adhesion of two glass plates is a hydrodynamic phenomenon He also published many works on acoustics. Stefan and Helmholtz were then the the only Continental proponents of the Faraday-Maxwell theory of continuous action. Stefan, in fact, made important calculations in the theory of alternating currents, especially regarding the induction coefficients of wire coils.

Stefan solved the problem when he was calculating how quickly a layer of ice on water grows Stefan's equation [ 4 ]. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk.

Jozef stefan biography of christopher: The main research themes of the

Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. Carinthian Slovene physicist, mathematician and poet — Peter today in KlagenfurtAustrian Empire. ViennaAustria-Hungary. Life and work [ edit ]. Work [ edit ]. Eponymous terms [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Boltzmannwho was one of Stefan's students, showed in that this Stefan- Boltzmann law could be demonstrated mathematically.

After this work, Stefan looked at the problem of the polar ice caps. Several ships had been trying to find the Northwest Passage and in so doing had become stuck in the polar ice over the winter. The scientists on board had taken recordings of the air temperature and ice growth. Stefan realised that this was a variant of the problem he had been studying.

Instead of considering the transfer of heat across a fixed boundary, this problem involved the transfer of heat across a moving boundary. Other work by Stefan includes studies of surface tension and evaporation, during which he proposed what today is called 'Stefan's number' and 'Stefan's law'. He also undertook research on alternating electric currents, studying the induction coefficients of wire coils.

His wide range of topics can be illustrated by noting that he also made important contributions to optics, discovering secondary rings in Newton's experiments.

Jozef stefan biography of christopher: History of the Jožef

The life which Stefan led was totally dedicated to science. He frequently slept in his laboratory and on occasions would spend several days in the laboratory without ever leaving. Of course with such total dedication to his work, Stefan had little time for friends and had hardly any social life. However he was liked by his students who found him an excellent teacher who could enthuse them for physics.

Although his great strength as a researcher was on the experimental side, nevertheless he was an excellent mathematician who could show insight on the theoretical side too. His most famous student, Boltzmann said this of him see for example [ 5 ] :- He used the tools of advanced mathematics and understood how to present the most difficult developments in the clearest and most lucid form without ever having to resort to mathematical formalism.

Boltzmann painted a picture of a wonderful research environment:- Nothing diminishes the excellence of [ Stefan's ] character, the magic [ he ] worked on the young academics.