Hadiza bawa garba biography of abraham

Upload pleading to use the new AI search. Click here to upload. Case Information. Click here to read the full judgment. Smart Summary Beta. Issues Whether Dr Bawa-Garba's application for leave to appeal against conviction should be granted. Whether the negligence of the defendant significantly contributed to Jack's death. Whether the administration of enalapril was the sole cause of death.

Whether the direction of law given to the jury was legally correct. Ruling The application for leave to appeal is refused. Reasoning The court rejects the challenge to the jury's direction on causation. This is a paid feature. Please subscribe to download the judgment. To access the original judgment, please Sign In or Subscribe. Sign up to post.

Edit Citation. One doctor said she would pray before she went into work because she was worried something bad would happen. But they say they heard very little from the hospital. At first, she thought she had misheard what she was being told. She went along thinking it would be a similar process to the hospital investigation. But suddenly she found herself under arrest and being read her rights.

Her photograph and fingerprints were taken. During the six-hour interview, all she could think about was her two-week-old daughter who would need breastfeeding. During phone calls home, she could hear the hungry baby crying. The police investigation came to nothing. Seven weeks later, Dr Bawa-Garba was told that no charges were going to be brought against her.

Dr Bawa-Garba continued to work at Leicester Royal Infirmary, but one evening in Decemberwhile she was on call on the neonatal unit, she was contacted by her educational supervisor, who asked to meet her. But, as she sat down, he told her she had been charged with manslaughter. Dr Bawa-Garba passed her bleep on to another doctor and went home, her head spinning with thoughts about what would happen to her family if she were to be convicted of manslaughter and sent to prison.

It acts as an early warning system highlighting a need for further investigation. It had been higher than it should have been since the SHMI was introduced in After deliberating with the Trust, they asked Dr Ron Hsu, then a public health consultant and now associate professor at the University of Leicester, to investigate further.

Hadiza bawa garba biography of abraham: Hadiza Bawa-Garba was convicted for

Teams of doctors and nurses were tasked with going through the records of patients who had either unexpectedly died in hospital or died within 30 days of leaving between 1 April and 31 March They focused on a sample that would help them identify systematic clinical issues. This is where you learn the most, Dr Hsu says. In large rooms set aside in the hospital, the teams pored over patients' notes looking at the kind of care they were receiving and identifying things they thought had gone wrong.

The bar was set high — a team of doctors or nurses had to be unanimous before they agreed a patient had received poor care, Dr Hsu says. When Dr Hsu came to tally the results, he did not believe what he saw. But at a meeting between the local clinical commissioning groups, hospitals, community organisations and NHS England to discuss the findings, the discussion soon turned from how to fix the problems to how to get the message out, Dr Hsu says.

Later that month, he says he received a list of 50 changes — mostly relating to the colour and presentation of the report and the size of the charts. Then, the following February, he received another raft of changes. Nine months after Dr Hsu submitted his report, it was posted on the Trust website. A summary version was produced for the press and the public.

Most of the patients who died were emergency admissions who were not expected to do so. Mr Furlong says the Trust was the first to use this review method and now others are using similar techniques to look at what can be learned from patients who have died. The hospital appointed Dr Ian Sturgess to consider improvements in the emergency sector.

But some local GPs were frustrated and thought there was a resistance to change and a reluctance to talk openly about the problems. Far from ignoring problems, he says, the Trust went looking for them. Mr Furlong says that improvements have been made and that the review has now been repeated, with results due for publication in September.

Hadiza bawa garba biography of abraham: RM PAYC26–Hadiza Bawa-Garba outside

While the review cannot be extrapolated to all admissions, both Dr Mulka and Dr Jenkins see parallels in what they found with the care of Jack Adcock. The three pleaded not guilty to the charge of manslaughter by gross negligence at the start of what was to be a four-week trial. The case attracted a lot of media attention. Dr Bawa-Garba would travel from her home in Leicester up to Nottingham.

Several staff from the hospital were witnesses for the prosecution and barristers representing the other defendants each cross-examined Dr Bawa-Garba. The jurors were instructed to decide whether the three defendants were guilty of unlawfully killing Jack Adcock, basing this decision exclusively on the evidence put before them. Not all failings were heard, he says.

As the consultant, he had ultimate responsibility for the patients admitted on the CAU that day. He said:. At no time was this patient highlighted to me as urgent, unwell, septic or that I needed to see him. Some doctors, however, contest this saying that the handover is to provide an opportunity for consultants to decide how best to manage patients, and to pick up on points that trainees have failed to flag.

His post-mortem results could not confirm or refute it. Another prosecution expert agreed. This was the most important cause of his death, he said. What was at stake was whether she fell below the standard of a reasonably competent junior doctor. One of them, she said, was her failure to register warning signs in the blood tests. Mr Thomas told her to pause as people were going to write the list down.

He then pressed her further and one by one, she listed how she felt she should have done better. Her monitoring of Jack Adcock's condition and record-keeping were criticized. She was subsequently struck off the nursing register. The following month, she was given a 2-year suspended jail sentence. She appealed against the sentence, but the appeal was denied in December On 13 AugustBawa-Garba won an appeal against being struck off, restoring the one-year suspension.

Many healthcare professionals have raised concerns that Bawa-Garba was being unduly punished for failings in the system, notably the understaffing on the day. He moved to Ireland following the event. She completed her specialist training and gained consultant status in April A series of high-profile medical scandals including the Bristol heart scandal and The Shipman Inquiry has influenced the proposals of revalidation, that is, the relicensing of doctors.

The process was put on hold inwhen Dame Janet Smith criticized the plans as inadequate for identifying dangerous doctors. Revalidation was eventually implemented in late All doctors in the UK who wished to retain their licences to practise were informed that they were legally required to be revalidated every five years, based on a combination of demonstrating up-to-date knowledge by fulfilling CPD continuous professional development requirements of the Colleges and providing multisource feedback from patients and colleagues.

Hadiza bawa garba biography of abraham: Bawa-Garba—a trainee paediatrician— was convicted

This was designed to demonstrate they were up to date and fit to practise. Revalidation, according to BMA council GMC working party chair Brian Keighleywas intended "to encourage quality in healthcare for patients through self-assessment, appraisal, continuing medical education and reflective practice. Sinceseveral concerns have been highlighted including inthat for junior doctors "A large number of doctors are required to 'reflect' on Serious Unresolved Incidents SUIs and Significant Event SE information as part of their specialty training.

This could therefore create a significant administrative burden and result in cases of double jeopardy. As is common for clinicians, Bawa-Garba kept reflective learning material in an e-portfolio as part of her training, including relating to the treatment of Jack Adcock. This material was used against her, although to what degree has been disputed.

This has raised concerns that clinicians would be concerned to be honest in their own reflective learning.

Hadiza bawa garba biography of abraham: Hadiza Bawa-Garba, who was convicted of

There is broad agreement that serious errors were made in Adcock's treatment. However, there has been a public debate about the background, context and pressures in which doctors work, and what happens when mistakes are made. The discussion centered on the issues of what systems and processes are in place that make mistakes less likely, and improve the chances of detecting them when they do occur.

In the case of Dr Bawa-Garba, the NHS Trust in question recognised there were systemic failures and pressures which contributed to the death of a patient. Dr Bawa-Garba had an excellent record until then. He explained that without clarity from the General Medical Council GMC and others, issues surrounding recording reflective learning would result in defensive practice and failure to learn from experience.

The BMA, in response, would, therefore, take actions to liaise with the GMC regarding the culture of fear, blame and system failings. Guidance to doctors on appraisal and recording reflection have also been included, as well as the launch of an online reporting system. Doctors who are candid and show insight into their mistakes are not just benefiting the wider health system but themselves too.

As the Medical Protection Society MPS explains, if a doctor faces a complaint, being able to provide evidence of their openness and insight will help them demonstrate to us that they are fit to practise. It seeks to support doctors and medical students 'engaging in revalidation on how to reflect as part of their practice'. It highlights ten key points on being a reflective practitioner:.

The guidance indicates, however, that 'recorded reflections, such as in learning portfolios or for revalidation or continuing professional development purposes, are not subject to legal privilege' and that 'disclosure of these documents might be requested by a court if they are considered relevant'. It is indicated, however, that the GMC 'does not ask a doctor to provide their reflective notes in order to investigate a concern about them'.

With regard to its fitness to practise investigations, the guidance highlights that the focus from the GMC 'is on facts and evidence relating to a serious allegation'.