Dave scott astronaut wikipedia

Astronauten des Apollo-Programms. Astronauten auf dem Mond. Ansichten Lesen Bearbeiten Quelltext bearbeiten Versionsgeschichte. Als PDF herunterladen Druckversion. Commons Wikidata-Datenobjekt. David Scott. August Gemini 8 Apollo 9 Apollo 15 Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. David Scott. San AntonioTexasU. Total EVAs. References [ change change source ].

NASA history. Specifically, it measured plasma and energetic particle intensities and vector magnetic fields, and facilitated tracking of the satellite velocity to high precision. A basic requirement was that the satellite acquire fields and particle data everywhere on the orbit around the Moon. It is believed to have crashed into the Moon sometime thereafter.

The time of launch was at the very start of the two-hour, minute launch window, which would allow Apollo 15 to arrive at the Moon with the proper lighting conditions at Hadley Rille; had the mission been postponed beyond another window on July 27, it could not have been rescheduled until late August. The astronauts had been awakened five and a quarter hours before launch by Slayton, and after breakfast and suiting up, had been taken to Pad 39A, launch site of all seven attempts at crewed lunar landing, and entered the spacecraft about three hours before launch.

There were no unplanned delays in the countdown. At into the mission, the S-IVB engine shut down, leaving Apollo 15 in its planned parking orbit in low Earth orbit. The mission remained there for 2 hours and 40 minutes, allowing the crew and Houston, via telemetry to check the spacecraft's systems.

Dave scott astronaut wikipedia: David Randolph "Dave" Scott (born June

At Once trans-lunar injection had been achieved, placing the spacecraft on a trajectory towards the Moon, explosive cords separated the CSM from the booster as Worden operated the CSM's thrusters to push it away. After Apollo 15 separated from the booster, the S-IVB maneuvered away, and, as planned, impacted the Moon about an hour after the crewed spacecraft entered lunar orbit, though due to an error the impact was 79 nautical miles km away from the intended target.

There was a malfunctioning light on the craft's service propulsion system SPS ; after considerable troubleshooting, the astronauts did a test burn of the system that also served as a midcourse correction. This occurred about into the mission. Fearing that the light meant the SPS might unexpectedly fire, the astronauts avoided using the control bank with the faulty light, bringing it online only for major burns, and controlling it manually.

After the mission returned, the malfunction proved to be caused by a tiny bit of wire trapped within the switch. After purging and renewing the LM's atmosphere to eliminate any contamination, the astronauts entered the LM about 34 hours into the mission, needing to check the condition of its equipment and move in items that would be required on the Moon.

Much of this work was televised back to Earth, the camera operated by Worden. This was a concern not only because an important piece of equipment, providing information on distance and rate of approach, might not work properly, but because bits of the glass cover were floating around Falcon 's interior. The tapemeter was supposed to be in a helium atmosphere, [ ALFJ 9 ] but due to the breakage, it was in the LM's oxygen atmosphere.

As yet, there had been only minor problems, but at about mission time the evening of July 28 in HoustonScott discovered a leak in the water system while preparing to chlorinate the water supply. The crew could not tell where it was coming from, and the issue had the potential to become serious. The experts in Houston found a solution, which was successfully implemented by the crew.

The water was mopped up with towels, which were then put out to dry in the tunnel between the command module CM and Lunar Module—Scott stated it looked like someone's laundry. At into the mission, a second midcourse correction, with less than a second of burn, was made. Although there were four opportunities to make midcourse corrections following TLI, only two were needed.

If no burn occurred, Apollo 15 would emerge from the lunar shadow and come back in radio contact faster than expected; the continued lack of communication allowed Mission Control to conclude that the dave scott astronaut wikipedia had taken place. When contact resumed, Scott did not immediately give the particulars of the burn, but spoke admiringly of the beauty of the Moon, causing Alan Shepardthe Apollo 14 commander, who was awaiting a television interview, to grumble, "To hell with that shit, give us details of the burn.

On Apollo 11 and 12, the Lunar Module decoupled from the CSM and was piloted to a much lower orbit from which the lunar landing attempt commenced; to save fuel in an increasingly heavy lander, beginning with Apollo 14, the SPS in the service module made that burn, known as descent orbit insertion DOIwith the lunar module still attached to the CSM.

The initial orbit Apollo 15 was in had its apocynthionor high point, over the landing site at Hadley; a burn at the opposite point in the orbit was performed, with the result that Hadley would now be under the craft's pericynthionor low point. This, and uncertainty as to the exact altitude of the landing site, made it desirable that the orbit be modified, or trimmed.

As well as preparing the Lunar Module for its descent, the crew continued observations of the Moon including of the landing site at Hadley and provided television footage of the surface. Then, Scott and Irwin entered the Lunar Module in preparation for the landing attempt. Undocking was planned forover the far side of the Moon, but nothing happened when separation was attempted.

With the problem resolved, Falcon separated from Endeavour at Worden in Endeavour executed a SPS burn at During the first part of the descent, Falcon was aligned so the astronauts were on their backs and thus could not see the lunar surface below them, but after the craft made a pitchover maneuver, they were upright and could see the surface in front of them.

Scott, who as commander performed the landing, was confronted with a landscape that did not at first seem to resemble what he had seen during simulations. Part of this was due to an error in the landing path of some 3, feet mof which CAPCOM Ed Mitchell informed the crew prior to pitchover; part because the craters Scott had relied on in the simulator were difficult to make out under lunar conditions, and he initially could not see Hadley Rille.

He concluded that they were likely to overshoot the planned landing site, and, once he could see the rille, started maneuvering the vehicle to move the computer's landing target back towards the planned spot, and looked for a relatively smooth place to land. Below about 60 feet 18 mScott could see nothing of the surface because of the quantities of lunar dust being displaced by Falcon 's exhaust.

Falcon had a larger engine bell than previous LMs, in part to accommodate a heavier dave scott astronaut wikipedia, and the importance of shutting down the engine at initial contact rather than risk "blowback", the exhaust reflecting off the lunar surface and going back into the engine possibly causing an explosion had been impressed on the astronauts by mission planners.

Thus, when Irwin called "Contact", indicating that one of the probes on the landing leg extensions had touched the surface, Scott immediately shut off the engine, letting the lander fall the remaining distance to the surface. Already moving downward at about. Scott's speed resulted in what was likely the hardest lunar landing of any of the crewed missions, at about 6.

Falcon landed at The Falcon is on the Plain at Hadley. As I stand out here in the wonders of the unknown at Hadley, I sort of realize there's a fundamental truth to our nature. Man must explore. And this is exploration at its greatest. With Falcon due to remain on the lunar surface for almost three days, Scott deemed it important to maintain the circadian rhythm they were used to, and as they had landed in the late afternoon, Houston time, the two astronauts were to sleep before going onto the surface.

But the time schedule allowed Scott to open the lander's top hatch usually used for docking and spend a half hour looking at their surroundings, describing them, and taking photographs. Lee Silver had taught him the importance of going to a high place to survey a new field site, and the top hatch served that purpose. Throughout the sleep period Mission Control in Houston monitored a slow but steady oxygen loss.

Scott and Irwin eventually were awakened an hour early, and the source of the problem was found to be an open valve on the urine transfer device. In post-mission debriefing, Scott recommended that future crews be woken at once under similar circumstances. After the problem was solved, the crew began preparation for the first Moon walk.

After donning their suits and depressurizing the cabin, [ ALSJ 11 ] Scott and Irwin began their first full EVA, becoming the seventh and eighth humans, respectively, to walk on the Moon. The experts in Houston suggested lifting the front end of the rover as the astronauts pulled it out, and this worked. One of the batteries gave a zero voltage reading, but this was only an instrumentation problem.

A greater concern was that the front wheel steering would not work. However, the rear wheel steering was sufficient to maneuver the vehicle. Out of detent ; we're moving", maneuvering the rover away from Falcon in mid-sentence. These were the first words uttered by a human while driving a vehicle on the Moon. The resolution was not high compared to the still photographs that would be taken, but the camera allowed the geologists on Earth to indirectly participate in Scott and Irwin's activities.

The rille was not visible from the landing site, but as Scott and Irwin drove over the rolling terrain, it came into view. The astronauts took samples there, [ 77 ] and then drove to another crater on the flank of Mons Hadley Deltawhere they took more. After concluding this stop, they returned to the lander to drop off their samples and prepare to set up the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package ALSEPthe scientific instruments that would remain when they left.

The rover's front steering, inoperative during the dave scott astronaut wikipedia EVA, worked during the second and third ones. They spent an hour at Spur crater, during which the astronauts collected a sample dubbed the Genesis Rock. This rock, an anorthositeis believed to be part of the early lunar crust—the hope of finding such a specimen had been one reason the Hadley area had been chosen.

Once back at the landing site, Scott continued to try to drill holes for experiments at the ALSEP site, with which he had struggled the day before. After conducting soil-mechanics experiments and raising the U. EVA 2 lasted 7 hours and 12 minutes. Although Scott had eventually been successful at drilling the holes, he and Irwin had been unable to retrieve a core sample, and this was an early order of business during EVA 3, their third and final moonwalk.

Time that could have been devoted to geology ticked away as Scott and Irwin attempted to pull it out. Once it had been retrieved, more time passed as they attempted to break the core into pieces for transport to Earth. Hampered by an incorrectly mounted vise on the rover, they eventually gave up on this—the core would be transported home with one segment longer than planned.

The core proved one of the most important items brought back from the Moon, revealing much about its history, but the expended time meant the planned visit to a group of hills known as the North Complex had to be scrubbed. Instead, the crew again ventured to the edge of Hadley Rille, this time to the northwest of the immediate landing site.

Once the astronauts were beside the LM, Scott used a kit provided by the Postal Service to cancel a first day cover of two stamps being issued on August 2, the current date. He dropped the hammer and feather at the same time; because of the negligible lunar atmosphere, there was no drag on the feather, which hit the ground at the same time as the hammer.

Dave scott astronaut wikipedia: Apollo 15 ; F

This was Joe Allen's idea he also served as CAPCOM during it and was part of an effort to find a memorable popular science experiment to do on the Moon along the lines of Shepard's hitting of golf balls. The feather was most likely from a female gyrfalcon a type of falcona mascot at the United States Air Force Academy. Scott then drove the rover to a position away from the LM, where the television camera could be used to observe the lunar liftoff.

Near the rover, he left a small aluminum statuette called Fallen Astronautalong with a plaque bearing the names of 14 known American astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts who had died in the furtherance of space exploration. The memorial was left while the television camera was turned away; he told Mission Control he was doing some cleanup activities around the rover.

Scott disclosed the memorial in a post-flight news conference. He also placed a Bible on the control panel of the rover before leaving it for the last time to enter the LM. The EVA lasted 4 hours, 49 minutes and 50 seconds. Worden got busy with the tasks that were to occupy him for much of the time he spent in space alone: photography and operating the instruments in the SIM bay.

Filling previously unused space in the service module, the SIM bay contained a gamma-ray spectrometer, mounted on the end of a boom, an X-ray spectrometer and a laser altimeter, which failed part way through the dave scott astronaut wikipedia. Two cameras, a stellar camera and a metric camera, together comprised the mapping camera, which was complemented by a panoramic camera, derived from spy technology.

The altimeter and cameras permitted the exact time and location from which pictures were taken to be determined. Also present were an alpha particle spectrometer, which could be used to detect evidence of lunar volcanism, and a mass spectrometer, also on a boom in the hope it would be unaffected by contamination from the ship. The boom would prove troublesome, as Worden would not always be able to get it to retract.

Endeavour was slated to pass over the landing site at the moment of planned landing, [ ALFJ 13 ] but Worden could not see Falcon [ ALSJ 7 ] and did not spot it until a subsequent orbit. He also exercised to avoid muscle atrophy, and Houston kept him up to date on Scott and Irwin's activities on the lunar surface. The panoramic camera did not operate perfectly, but provided enough images that no special adjustment was made.

Worden took many photographs through the command module's windows, often with shots taken at regular intervals. His task was complicated by the lack of a working mission timer in the Lower Equipment Bay of the command module, as its circuit breaker had popped en route to the Moon. There was a communications blackout when the CSM passed over the far side of the Moon from Earth; Worden greeted each resumption of contact with the words, "Hello, Earth.

Greetings from Endeavour ", expressed in different languages. Worden and El-Baz had come up with the idea, and the geology instructor had aided the astronaut in accumulating translations. Results from the SIM bay experiments would include the conclusion, from data gathered by the X-ray spectrometer, that there was greater fluorescent X-ray flux than anticipated, and that the lunar highlands were richer in aluminum than were the mares.

By the time Scott and Irwin were ready to take off from the lunar surface and return to Endeavourthe CSM's orbit had drifted due to the rotation of the Moon, and a plane change burn was required to ensure that the CSM's orbit would be in the same plane as that of the LM once it took off from the Moon. Worden accomplished the second burn with the SPS.

Falcon lifted off the Moon at GMT on August 2 after 66 hours and 55 minutes on the lunar surface. Docking with the CSM took place just under two hours later. After the jettison, Slayton came on the loop to recommend the astronauts take dave scott astronaut wikipedia pills, or at least that Scott and Irwin do so. Scott as mission commander refused to allow it, feeling there was no need.

During the EVAs, the doctors had noticed irregularities in both Scott's and Irwin's heartbeats, but the crew were not informed during the flight. Irwin had heart problems after retiring as an astronaut and died in of a heart attack; Scott felt that he as commander should have been informed of the biomedical readings. The crew spent the next two days working on orbital science experiments, including more observations of the Moon from orbit and releasing the subsatellite.

As ofit remains one of only three such EVAs, all performed during Apollo's J missions under similar circumstances. Later that day, the crew set a record for the longest Apollo flight to that point. On approach to Earth on August 7, the service module was jettisoned, and the command module reentered the Earth's atmosphere. Although one of the three parachutes on the CM failed after deploying, likely due to damage as the spacecraft vented fuel, only two were required for a safe landing one extra for redundancy.

Upon landing in the North Pacific Ocean, the CM and crew were recovered and taken aboard the recovery ship, USS Okinawaafter a mission lasting 12 days, 7 hours, 11 minutes and 53 seconds. This final refusal happened in April Discussion of the covers in European philatelic publications alerted collectors in the United States. The letter was forwarded for a response to Slayton, who casually mentioned it to Irwin in late March; Irwin told him to talk to Scott.

Slayton did talk to Scott in mid-April, just before the launch of Apollo Scott told him there had been covers not on the approved list, and that had been given to a friend. So I was through with Scott, Worden, and Irwin. After 16 splashed down, I kicked them off the backup crew for He sent a copy of his response to the general counsel's office at NASA Headquarters in Washington, which took no action.

Low or his own superior, Christopher C. Kraft of the postage stamp incident or of the disciplinary action he had taken. In early JuneLow heard from a member of his staff of the possibility covers flown on Apollo 15 might have been sold in Europe. He asked Associate Administrator Dale D. Myers to enquire through NASA management channels for information.

Low kept Fletcher informed of the situation as it developed. Myers made an interim report to Low on the 16th. Before he could make his final report on the 26th, the story broke with an article in The Washington Sunday Star on June Kraft interviewed Scott on the 23rd. According to Low in his personal notes, during the investigation, Scott, who had to that point maintained that the astronauts had never intended to profit from the Sieger covers, disclosed the information about the German bank accounts.

Once the facts had been developed, Low consulted with Fletcher, Kraft, Slayton and others regarding whether to expel the three men from the Astronaut Corps and return them to the Air Force, to reprimand them and retain them within NASA outside the corps, or to reprimand them but allow them to remain astronauts. Low accepted Kraft's recommendation to reprimand the astronauts, and to state that their actions would be taken into consideration in their future assignments.

Low asked to meet with the crew members before making a final decision, and this took place on July 10, Scott and Worden individually at Low's Washington office and Irwin by telephone. All admitted the basic facts, with Scott making "the point for the first time that his intention had really been to use the funds for a trust fund for his children, and not for any direct personal use".

Later on July 10, the three astronauts were reprimanded for poor judgment, [ 96 ] [ 98 ] something that made it extremely unlikely that they would be selected to fly in space again. Lewis, in his early history of the Apollo program, noted that "in the atmosphere of wheeling and dealing that has characterized government agency-industrial contractor relations in the Space Age, the unauthorized freight that the Apollo 15 crew hauled to the moon was a boyish prank.

In the rhetoric of space program critics, though, it was branded as exploitation for personal gain of the most costly technological development in history. In the press, the astronauts were treated like fallen angels. There was no hiding. Dave just said sure, nothing wrong with it, right? He hoped he could turn the experience to use in his ministry, that it would help him empathize with others who had erred.

The hearings themselves did not go well at all. Fugler] made a very poor witness. He was imprecise, vague, and just did not look like a strong investigator. Chris Kraft took a very offensive approach to the Committee, which of course, annoyed the Committee. Deke made a fairly good witness, but the Committee did not believe his story.

Dave scott astronaut wikipedia: David Randolph Scott (born June

In mid-July, the media reported on the dispute over the sculpture Fallen Astronautleft on the Moon by Scott in tribute to those killed in the American and Soviet space programs; the sculptor was having copies made for public sale, over the astronauts' objection. Members also wanted to know how it was that NASA's chain of command permitted allegations against the astronauts to go unreported to senior management.

The other astronauts were divided in their opinions. Some saw it as simply a dumb mistake. Others thought Scott, as mission commander, should be court-martialed. To some, it was a gray area. Astronauts had sold their autographs, for example, and profited in other less dramatic ways from their fame. But this time, there was so much money involved, and it had all become so public.

It had tarnished the astronaut corps. That it had all been done by earnest, straight-arrow Dave Scott, whose mission had been such a high point for Apollo, only made the shock greater Whatever the astronauts thought of the stamp affair, the damage was done For better or for worse, the myth of the Perfect Astronaut had crumbled. None of the Apollo 15 crew flew in space again.

Fletcher asked astronauts still with NASA, and even those who were not, such as Apollo 7 's Wally Schirrato turn in all flown covers in their possession to NASA pending a determination of whether they were government property. Kraft suspended some 15 astronauts who "had broken faith with us and ignored a standing order from Deke"; some, having apologized and served their suspensions, flew on Skylab in the mids.

The remaining covers in the Apollo 15 astronauts' control from the group of [ i ] and 61 more from Worden [ j ] were held by NASA during the investigation; Worden said he surrendered them at Kraft's request on the understanding they would be returned once the investigation was over, but the covers were transferred to the National Archives in August Its Criminal Division decided in that no prosecution was warranted, but the Civil Division the dave scott astronaut wikipedia year assumed the covers would be retained by the government.

In Decemberthe Justice Department issued a report indicating that while the government might have some claim to the Herrick covers due to the appearance of having been made for profitit probably did not have any claim to the remaining covers, which the astronauts had said were intended as gifts. There was opposition among senators to the covers being returned, and in February Howard Cannon of Nevada introduced a joint resolution that the government should keep the covers because of their commercialization and advise the Attorney General to "defend any civic action brought" regarding them.

Postal Service to sell them and split the profits with NASA; [ ] Worden remarked in his memoirs that he was amused by this, pointing out that NASA's covers were intended for "unabashed commercial exploitation. In Julythe Associated Press reported on the government's return of the covers, describing how the Justice Department "decided it had no grounds for fighting" the suit and that Worden had agreed to dismiss it, with the envelopes returned.

Lawyers also said the three men agreed among themselves not to sell the covers right away, keeping them as mementos and reminders of what had happened. Powell and Laurie Gwen Shapiro of Slate magazine suggested that the investigation "largely exonerated" the astronauts, and opined that the return of the covers in effectively rescinded the accusations.

Some of the covers were later sold by the astronauts. Some of them sold, some of them are still in a safety deposit box. They're probably all over the world by now. We ask: Why didn't he get a friend to log in and correct the entries? He responds with a startled pause. I didn't know you could do that! Contents move to sidebar hide.

Dave scott astronaut wikipedia: David Scott (born )

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